Effect of gauge pressure on the product species distribution in heterogeneously catalyzed steam reforming reactor systems
Description
The carbon dioxide mole fraction data conditions are obtained for illustrating the effect of gauge pressure on the product species distribution in heterogeneously catalyzed steam reforming reactor systems. A vacuum gauge is used to measure pressures lower than the ambient atmospheric pressure, which is set as the zero point, in negative values. Most gauges measure pressure relative to atmospheric pressure as the zero point, so this form of reading is simply referred to as "gauge pressure". However, anything greater than total vacuum is technically a form of pressure. For very low pressures, a gauge that uses total vacuum as the zero-point reference must be used, giving pressure reading as an absolute pressure. Gauge pressure is zero-referenced against ambient air pressure, so it is equal to absolute pressure minus atmospheric pressure. For most working fluids where a fluid exists in a closed system, gauge pressure measurement prevails. Pressure instruments connected to the system will indicate pressures relative to the current atmospheric pressure. The situation changes when extreme vacuum pressures are measured, then absolute pressures are typically used instead and measuring instruments used will be different. If the absolute pressure of a fluid stays constant, the gauge pressure of the same fluid will vary as atmospheric pressure changes. While static gauge pressure is of primary importance to determining net loads on pipe walls, dynamic pressure is used to measure flow rates and airspeed. Dynamic pressure can be measured by taking the differential pressure between instruments parallel and perpendicular to the flow. The carbon dioxide mole fraction data are directed to a heterogeneously catalyzed steam reforming reactor system, which can simultaneously carry out exothermic and endothermic reactions in separate micro-channels and simultaneously adjust feed composition and flow rates. Water steam is converted into hydrogen-rich gas using methanol in an endothermic reaction on a catalyst. The energy which is released during catalytic oxidation is necessary for the endothermic steam reformation taking place simultaneously. There is even less need for mass and volume storage capacity, since the same alcohol fuel is used for the endothermic and exothermic processes. An array of channels operating in parallel is used, and the inside of the channels is coated. To facilitate computational modeling of chemical kinetics and transport phenomena in the heterogeneously catalyzed steam reforming reactor system, fluid mechanics is used and steady-state analyses are performed. Contributor: Junjie Chen, E-mail address: koncjj@gmail.com, ORCID: 0000-0002-5022-6863, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China
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Steps to reproduce
The governing equations are solved numerically for the conservation of mass and momentum and for energy and species. The governing equations are discretized in space, and the second-order upwind discretization scheme is used. The pressure-based segregated algorithm is used with SIMPLE-type pressure-velocity coupling. The under-relaxation factors are reduced for all variables.