Data on Plunge Pool Morphology and Hydraulics of Seven Waterfalls in Eastern India
Description
The most terribly beautiful sculptures in the river basin are waterfalls. Their beauty tempts us to come closer and its dreadfulness pushes us back away. That is why data on the morphometry of waterfalls and their hydraulics in India is very scarce. We generated data on width (w), average depth (d) and the maximum depth (d_max) of plunge pools; fall height 〖(D〗_h) of the waterfall; and the distance of jet impingement from the headwall 〖 (X〗_n) of seven waterfalls from eastern India. Peak discharge (Q) and the energy of falling water were also estimated. These data help determine the relationship between hydraulics and waterfall morphology.
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Width (w), average depth (d), and the maximum depth (d_max) of pools were measured using graduated tape and or staff. Where the water depth in the plunge pool was shallow (Turga), we measured the depth by directly stepping into the water. But where the water depth of plunge pools was high (Hundru, Jonha, Dassam, Sita, Ghagra, Dharagiri) we wore life jackets and used life buoy rings and or tubes of the truck. Downstream tilting of weighted tape on water current and lack of suitable apparatus/equipment was our limitation in measuring plunge pool morphology. Fall height or drop height 〖(D〗_h) of waterfalls was measured either by dropping weighted-end rope from the top of the headwall or using transit theodolite or received from SoI topographical maps. Kuenen (1955), as referred to by Plumb (1993), applied the equation for calculating the power of waterfalls was E ∝ QD_h (1) Along with drawing correlations between, Q and d_max or between D_h and〖 d〗_max, we also calculated the correlation between E and〖 D〗_h. Peak discharges (Q) at the site of waterfalls were estimated using the formula adopted by (Dickens 1865). The equation used the basin area above the gauge station for estimating discharge. 〖Q=825A〗^0.75 Where Q = discharge in cusecs at highest flood and A= basin area in square miles above the gauge station.