building_21Mar2023
Description
The dataset contains a sample of 406,745 English properties and weather data. The properties are from 5 areas: Brighton and Hove, Croydon, North Norfolk, East Staffordshire, Newcastle upon Tyne and Cornwall. "EPC" contains the building archetypes in the Energy Performance Certificates of the properties. "England_max_temperature" is the average daily maximum temperature by month for the period of years 1884-2021. "England_mean_temperature" is the average daily mean temperature by month for the same period.
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We obtain data on UK domestic buildings from an online database of Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) published by the Department for Levelling Up, Housing & Communities. The EPC database provides information on both the energy performance of buildings on a scale from A (very good) to E (very poor), and their construction features and heating systems. The EPC database includes all compulsory EPCs (LUHC, 2022), except when the holder of the certificate has chosen to opt out of the online database or when it is confidential for national security reasons. We select all available EPCs from the database in six English regions that include a variety of building archetypes, namely: Brighton and Hove, Croydon, North Norfolk, East Staffordshire, Newcastle upon Tyne and Cornwall. The reason for choosing these areas is that they represent different geographical regions and climates (northwest, south, etc.) and range from small villages in rural areas to large cities, thereby ensuring a diversity of building archetypes in our sample. We choose all available EPCs from the database for period of years 2008-2021, because it became compulsory in the UK from 1st October 2008 for almost all buildings to have an EPC when constructed, sold or let. After obtaining the raw data from EPC database, we clean our sample. First, where there are duplicate certificates for the same property, we selected the newest certificate. Second, to remove outliers, we confine the sample to properties with 20 - 400 m2 total floor area, and between 5 - 100 m2 average room area (which we estimate by dividing total floor area by the number of habitable rooms in each property). This gives a total of 406,745 properties. We also take data on the carbon intensity of fuels from 2021 UK Government Greenhouse Gas Conversion Factor (BEIS, 2022a) and data on external temperature for the period 1884-2021 from the UK Meteorological Office (Met Office, 2022)
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Funding
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
EP/R035288/1