Prevalence of organic dyslalia in children aged six to eight years with dental malocclusions attending the dental clinic Dr. Rene Puig Bentz at Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña
Description
Dental malocclusion is a condition that affects the alignment of teeth and can also impact the cranial level, leading to dysfunction in the stomatognathic system, which includes: chewing, breathing, swallowing, and speaking. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of organic dyslalia in children aged six to eight years with dental malocclusions who attend the Dr. René Puig Bentz dental clinic. To achieve this, a sample of 47 patients was analyzed through a cross-sectional observational study. The study evaluated the type of malocclusion and conducted the TAR phonetic test to assess phonetic errors. Among the results, 47 (100%) patients presented some form of organic dyslalia. Substitution dyslalia was observed in 46 (97.90%) patients, omission dyslalia in 37 (78.70%) patients, and distortion dyslalia in 16 (34.00%) patients. The majority of the study population was male, with 25 (53.20%) patients. In terms of age range, 16 (34.00%) patients were six years old, 13 (27.70%) were seven years old, and 18 (38.30%) were eight years old.The study found that 95.70% of the participants had mixed dentition. Statistical analysis revealed significant relationships between dental crowding and organic dyslalia, with a distortion value of 5.601 (p=0.024), and between edge-to-edge bite and organic dyslalia, with a value of 3.260 (p=0.048). The results suggest a significant association between dental malocclusions and organic dyslalia. Significance of the study this research aimed to analyze and communicate the importance exercised by the dentist in this process, as well as the adequate awareness of families about this problem. To publicize the relationship between malocclusion and phonetic disorders and to show the lack of updated information that exists on the subject, both in the dental and phonoaudiological fields. Malocclusions not only affect the habitual contact of the teeth and the upper and lower jaws, but also affect the facial and cranial levels, causing alterations in functions related to the orofacial system, including chewing, phonation, swallowing, and breathing. This research has allowed speech therapists and dentists to have more knowledge in order to provide a better intervention through phonetic therapies alone or otherwise a more thorough orthodontic treatment. Speech disorders also affect children on a personal level, as they cannot pronounce some words correctly, may be teased by their peers, and may affect their self-esteem.
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The measuring instrument was based on an anamnesis form in which the general data of the patient were obtained, this form was made up of several sections, such as name and age. Next, a dentigram was made to indicate the presence of deciduous and permanent teeth, to obtain the type of dentition, this card had a section with the type of malocclusion according to Angles classification. The data collection instrument was a card with the patients name, age, and sex. After signing the informed consent form, the clinical examination of the patient was performed. Each tooth was evaluated individually to determine the type of dentition, it was observed whether the patient had crowding, diastema, horizontal and vertical overbite, anterior and posterior crossbite, for the diagnosis of malocclusion. Once the oral evaluation of the patient had been carried out, they were taken to a room isolated from all types of noise to be interviewed using a group of words for them to pronounce; this allowed listening to the pronunciation of the phonemes, video and audio were recorded in order to have a complete evaluation of the variables to be studied. This allowed listening to the pronunciation of the phonemes, video and audio were recorded to have a complete evaluation of the variables to be studied. The recordings were evaluated together with a speech therapist. The classification of the malocclusion was determined in the patient together with an orthodontist, taking into account the Angle classification. After identification, the phonetic part of the patient was identified, using the TAR (Repetition Articulation Test) as an evaluation method, which is carried out to evaluate the articulatory level, thus being able to detect dyslalia and phonetic alterations. The patient pronounced a series of words that were organized in a table on the left side, while on the right side the words were written on the left side, while on the right side were written the words that presented deformations, such as deformations such as: omission, distortion or substitution, each phoneme with errors equivalent to a dot. Each phoneme with deformations equivalent to one point, in this way a count was made of the points accumulated in each evaluation, in order to have a better evaluation, in order to have a better management of the amount of phonetic deformations that the patient presents. The information was entered into Microsoft Office Excel 2016, a descriptive statistical analysis of the frequency variables and a statistical descriptive statistical analysis of the frequency variables and a statistical analysis of the interrelationships of the variables interrelationships of the variables according to the objectives set.