The Reflective Mind of the Anxious in Action: Metacognitive Beliefs and Maladaptive Emotional Regulation Strategies Con-strain Working Memory Efficacity.
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Population The initial sample consisted of 126 students. Ultimately, the sample included 110 students aged 18 to 28 years (M = 20.127; SD = 2.103), of which 67.27% were female. The majority of the students were recruited from Lyon 2 University (68.18%) or Catholic University of Lyon (25.45%). The remaining participants came from the School of Practicing Psychologists and Lyon 1 University. Approximately half of the participants were psychology students. 90% of the sample were in undergraduate programs, and 10% were in master's programs. Eleven participants reported having cognitive characteristics (high intellectual potential, dyslexia, dyscalculia, attention difficulties) or affective characteristics (anxiety, depression, recent breakup). The ethics committee of the University Grenoble Alpes (CERGA- 2022-25) approved this study, and all participants provided informed consent. Procedure The entire experiment took place over a period of 6 months, from November 2022 to April 2023. Participants were recruited directly on campus. They were all volunteers and did not receive any rewards or course credits for their participation. Participants performed the digit span task, derived from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - 4th Edition (WAIS-IV; Wechsler, 2009), which was administered by an experimenter, and the computerized emotional n-back task, adapted from Pe, Raes, and Kuppens (2013). The average duration of the session was 25 minutes. Subsequently, participants were invited to complete the questionnaires online at home. All questionnaires were completed within a maximum interval of one month after the task session. To avoid order effects, the tasks alternated between participants. The digit span task was administered 55 times initially, and the n-back task was administered 57 times. Measures Emotional n-back. Participants completed the emotional n-back task, which measures emotional information updating. This task was adapted from Pe, Raes, and Kuppens (2013), who themselves adapted it from Levens and Gotlib (2010). Pe et al. (2013) used words instead of faces as stimuli. The material provided by the authors was translated from Dutch to French using a back-translation verification process. Trait anxiety: Assessed by the State Trait Anxiety Inventory version Y (STAI; Spielberger, 1983) in its French version adapted by Gauthier and Bouchard (1993). Emotion regulation strategies: Assessed by the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ; Garnefski et al., 2001) which was used in its validated French version (d'Acremont & van der Linden, 2007). Metacognitive beliefs: evaluated by the Short MetaCognition Questionnaire (MCQ-30; Wells & Cartwright-Hatton, 2004) validated in French by Dethier, Heeren, Bouvard, Baeyens, and Philippot (2017).