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There are 2 versions of this paper. The newer is better... --- The Collatz Conjecture defines a number sequence constructed as follows: If X_1 is odd, then X_2 = 3X_1 + 1. If X_1 is even, then X_2 = X_1 / 2. The conjecture itself asserts that every such sequence, starting from any number, eventually reaches the number 1 (or, more precisely, the cycle 4-2-1). There are two hypothetical exceptions - either another cycle other than 4-2-1, or an infinite divergent sequence. In this paper, we will prove that the second option is impossible.

Hipótese e Contexto Esta base de dados contém respostas de 198 estudantes universitários de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, ao questionário da Escala do Novo Paradigma Ecológico (NEP). O estudo investigou a adequação psicométrica da escala em um contexto caracterizado pela tensão entre consciência ecológica fomentada pelo ensino superior e a realidade econômica regional baseada no agronegócio. A hipótese central é que a aplicação direta da escala NEP, sem validação prévia, produz avaliações distorcidas das atitudes ambientais em populações do interior do Brasil. Dados Coletados O questionário impresso incluiu a Escala NEP revisada (15 afirmações em escala Likert 5 pontos) e informações sociodemográficas (idade, raça/etnia, gênero, renda, curso, educação ambiental). A amostra é predominantemente de graduandos (87%), feminina (61,1%), branca (68,7%), com idade média de 27 anos, distribuída em diversos cursos com destaque para Administração (15,8%). Descobertas Principais A Análise Fatorial Exploratória revelou uma estrutura de cinco fatores divergente do modelo original, explicando 46,28% da variância. Os fatores foram: Consciência da Crise Ecológica (16,52%), Ceticismo Ambiental (10,41%), Antiantropocentrismo (7,49%), Fragilidade do Equilíbrio Natural (5,95%) e Sujeição às Leis da Natureza (5,91%). Uma descoberta notável é a emergência de uma estrutura polarizada, onde fortes dimensões de ceticismo e consciência coexistem, refletindo a tensão regional. Os itens sobre limites do crescimento apresentaram baixa representatividade, sugerindo interpretação ambígua em contexto economicamente dependente do agronegócio. Instruções de Interpretação Os itens pares da escala foram codificados reversamente (1→5, 2→4, 3→3, 4→2, 5→1) para garantir que pontuações mais altas indiquem consistentemente orientação pró-ecológica. Os dados permitem replicar análises fatoriais, investigar invariância cultural, explorar relações entre dimensões e comportamentos pró-ambientais. Considere o contexto socioeconômico regional ao interpretar resultados, reconhecendo que crenças ecológicas são moldadas pelas dinâmicas locais.

through bidirectional citation search, articles using qualitative methodologies to elicit adolescent perspective on their adult support systems in the setting of chronic trauma exposure were compiled

Abstract: Primary education remains a critical stage for embedding lifelong learning capacities and resilience, yet it is precisely in these rural settings where systemic inequities are most pronounced. This study adopts a critical lens, arguing that adaptive digital resilience must be understood as a systemic and dynamic capacity that extends beyond technological adoption to include infrastructure development, human capital enhancement, governance innovation, and community engagement. This study adopted a qualitative-dominant mixed-methods case study design to investigate how adaptive digital resilience and foresight-driven leadership can strengthen rural primary education in West Bengal. Contemporary methodological scholarship emphasises that such designs are particularly suitable for educational research in under-resourced contexts because they enable both contextual depth and limited generalizability. Contemporary policy scholarship advocates for future-oriented and resilience-based frameworks that explicitly integrate strategic foresight, anticipatory governance, digital resilience, institutional resilience, and adaptive leadership to enable rural schools to become future-ready. The study underscores the inadequacy of fragmented policy interventions, advocating instead for holistic and context-sensitive strategies that align with the dynamic realities of rural education. By fostering resilient and adaptive learning ecosystems through strategic leadership and innovation, rural schools can transition from states of vulnerability to sustainability, thereby future-proofing their capacity to deliver inclusive and quality education in an increasingly uncertain and rapidly evolving global landscape.

The quark model was initially proposed independently by physicists Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig in 1964. Their model involved three flavors of quarks the up, down, and strange which carries properties such as spin and a fraction of elementary charge. There are six types of quarks, known as flavors: up, down (considered as first generation), strange, charm (considered as second generation), and bottom, top (considered as third generation). The quarks and anti quarks that possessing opposite characteristics of electric charge and spin can be found only within hadrons such as baryons (proton, neutron…), and mesons (pi, k….). Quarks in the Standard Model of particle physics are involved in the fundamental interactions. Only the first-generation (up and down) quarks are usually occurred in nature. The quarks are currently presumed as being dimensionless point-like particles. In a process of developing a sub atomic model I found that in reality there are less particles than those believed to be basic quarks since they possesses a fraction of the elementary charge, and are actually a complex particles consisting of sub atomic particles themselves. The model presented here shows that the second and third Generation quarks are compositions of a three of the first Generation quarks where two of them neutralize each other due to their opposite electric charges thus it prevents them from being discovered and reflecing out only the third. It explains also their larger mass. Keywords: A novel significance of the Second and third Generation Quarks.

Data base to reproduce RE paper by Emerson Marçal

Climate change represents a burgeoning threat to global health, affecting populations through direct, indirect, and social mechanisms that exacerbate structural vulnerabilities. In developing Portuguese-speaking countries, these impacts are compounded by historical challenges of inequality and institutional fragility. Within this context, the integration of health actions into national adaptation and mitigation plans and strategies becomes a central element for climate governance in the health sector. To analyze the health plans and strategies of developing Portuguese-speaking countries regarding the management of climate change impacts. This is a qualitative documentary analysis study conducted according to the READ approach. National strategic documents from five countries of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP) were included: Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Mozambique, and Timor-Leste. The identified health actions were thematically categorized and classified according to governance levels (macro, meso, and micro). No documents containing specific health actions were located in the public domain for Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, or São Tomé and Príncipe; conversely, Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Mozambique, and Timor-Leste exhibited greater thematic diversity in their actions. Twenty-six health actions were identified, organized into 11 thematic categories. A predominance of actions focused on climate adaptation was observed, particularly regarding basic sanitation, water quality, monitoring of climate-sensitive diseases, early warning systems, and the production of epidemiological knowledge. Only Cape Verde included an explicit mention of climate financing within the health sector. The multilevel classification revealed a concentration of actions at the macro and meso levels, with a sparse presence of strategies explicitly directed at the micro level. The analyzed plans demonstrate institutional recognition by the study countries of the climate-health interface; however, they reveal an asymmetry between normative formulation and community operationalization. The limited incorporation of climate financing and the low capillary reach of actions at the micro level indicate challenges for the consolidation of a climate governance in health that is effectively integrated and territorialized across developing Portuguese-speaking countries.

Based on flux tower observations, this study comprehensively evaluated five mainstream GPP products, including MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), PML-V2 (Penman-Monteith-Leuning Version 2), GOSIF (Global Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 based Solar Induced chlorophyll Fluorescence), CEDAR (sCaling Ecosystem Dynamics with ARtifical intelligence), and TL-LUE, and quantified their uncertainties using the Bayesian Three-Cornered Hat method. On this basis, by integrating multi-source data, a high-fidelity GPP dataset was generated using five machine learning methods: Categorical Boosting, Support Vector Machine Regression, Light Gradient Boosting, Extreme Gradient Boosting, and Random Forest. Validated against data from 15 flux tower sites in mainland China, CatBoost exhibited the best performance, with the lowest RMSE and MAE and the highest R².

BD-GI-Desserts13 is a fine-grained visual dataset comprising 11,692 high-resolution RGB images (512×512 pixels) spanning thirteen dessert categories that are officially certified under Bangladesh's Geographical Indication (GI) registry. The dataset was constructed to support origin-aware food image recognition research and to address the absence of a dedicated benchmark for GI-protected Bangladeshi sweets.Dataset CoverageImages were collected on-site from authentic GI dessert producers across ten districts of Bangladesh: Bogura, Brahmanbaria, Cumilla, Gopalganj, Muktagacha (Mymensingh), Natore, Netrokona, Sherpur, Tangail, and Kushtia. The thirteen classes are: Bogura Doi Brahmanbaria Chhanamukhi Mishti Cumilla Rashmalai Gopalganj Rosogolla Muktagacha Monda (Brown) Muktagacha Monda (White) Natore Kachagolla Netrokona Balish Mishti Sherpur Chanapayesh Tangail Chomchom Tangail Sondesh (Brown) Tangail Sondesh (White) Kushtia Tiler Khaza

the information of ferromanganese nodules