Current Biology

In addition to the action potentials used for axonal signaling, many neurons generate dendritic 'spikes' associated with synaptic plasticity. However, in order to control both plasticity and signaling, synaptic inputs must be able to differentially modulate the firing of these two spike types. Here we investigate this issue in the electrosensory lobe (ELL) of weakly electric mormyrid fish, where separate control over axonal and dendritic spikes is essential for the transmission of learned predictive signals from inhibitory interneurons to the output stage of the circuit. Through a combination of experimental and modeling studies, we uncover a novel mechanism by which sensory input selectively modulates the rate of dendritic spiking by adjusting the amplitude of backpropagating axonal action potentials. Interestingly, this mechanism does not require spatially segregated synaptic inputs or dendritic compartmentalization, but relies instead on an electrotonically distant spike initiation site in the axon—a common biophysical feature of neurons.

Code and data files associated with Current Biology publication. Please contact lead author if you are interested in using data for any reason.

The full description of this data-set will be provided shortly.

This is the raw dataset of all the figures described in the manuscript. The research hypothesis is to study the protective effects of the C. elegans natural microbiota against pathogen infection. The raw data includes the data from Worm Population Growth experiments and Worm survival experiments, which show the microbiota mediated protective effects on the worms. The raw data also includes in vitro disc diffusion experiments, which show the antagonistic properties of the microbiota isolates against the pathogen. The raw data also includes the "Smurf" assay data, which shows the effects of the microbiota isolates on the worm pathophysiology. The data also includes the detailed statistical analyses used for ever experiment.

spike analysis, spike processing code, creating sound stimuli

Individual mean angles and inversions for each experiment and condition. NA : This information is Not Applicable to the current experiment

Supplementary data for manuscript "Female social feedback reveals non-imitative mechanisms of vocal learning in zebra finches". Complete data set of all subjects’ behavioral measures across trials, averages across development, and final song learning measures. ‘MaleNum’ refers to the ID number of the individual subject. ‘Condition’ refers to experimental condition, either Contingent (Cont) or Yoked. ‘Group’ indicates the cohort to which each male belongs, with each group having one Contingent and one Yoked genetic brother. ‘T’ indicates trial number (5, 10, 15, 20, or 25) with proceeding labels referring to behaviors during that trial’s experimental session, and ‘Avg’ to the averaged value across all trials. ‘SongDuration’ refers to time spent singing, in seconds. ‘xCount’ (e.g. SongCount, FluffCount) is number of observations of the respective behavior during the session. ‘ContVidCount’ is number of videos played contingent on the song of CC birds, while ‘RemVidCount’ is number of times a video was played after 5 minutes without song. ‘PerchDuration’ refers to amount of time, in seconds, subjects spent on the perch nearest to the video monitor. All fields ending with ‘Prop’ indicate the proportion of one behavior to another (e.g. FluffToSongProp refers to the number of fluff-ups per song bout). ‘xAfterVidStart’ and ‘xAfterVidEnd’ refers to the number of times behavior ‘x’ occurred within a second of the stimulus video being triggered and within a second of the video playback ending, respectively. ‘FluffedAfter’ refers to number of times on or more fluff-ups occurred following an event, while ‘TotalFluffsAfter’ is a count of the total number of fluffs following the event. ‘AccCont’ refers to number of times a video played, by chance, following the song of a Yoked subject (‘accidental contingency’), while ‘NonCon’ is number of non-contingent videos viewed by Yoked subjects. ‘TotalFluffsWipes’ is the sum of fluff-ups and beak wipes in a given trial. ‘ALLContProp’ is the overall proportion of contingent video playbacks to all songs.

These are the original morphological data resulted from X-ray micro-computed tomographical analysis of a delicately preserved arthropod fossil (specimen number: YKLP 16201) from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota. The related manuscript will be published in Current Biology. The specimen is housed in Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Yunnan University, PRC.

In each of five subject folders: 1. *_PixelBehMI_nuns_not.mat • “Ipixe_beh” stores the pixel-wise MI value <pixel visibility; nuns vs. don’t know>. • “TH” is the statistic threshold for the pixel-wise MI (FWER p < 0.001, one-tailed). • We downsample the bubbles for each spatial frequency band, so the pixel-wise MI is a 5456-d vector (i.e. 64x64 pixels in SF1 + 32x32 pixels in SF2 + 16x16 pixels in SF3 + 8x8 pixels in SF4 + 4x4 pixels in SF5 = 5456 pixels) 2. *_PixelBehMI_volt_not.mat • “Ipixe_beh” stores the pixel-wise MI value <pixel visibility; Voltaire vs. don’t know>. • “TH” is the statistical threshold for the pixel-wise MI (FWER p < 0.001, one-tailed). 3. *_FeatureMegMI.mat • “Ifeat” is the 3D time-by-feature-by-voxel MI matrix. • “TH” is the statistical threshold (FWER p < 0.05, one-tailed). 4. *_BrainFeatures.mat • ‘nuns_feat’: Indices of diagnostic brain features for the perception of “the nuns”. • ‘volt_feat’.: Indices of diagnostic brain features for the perception of “Voltaire”. • ‘nondiag_feat’: Indices of nondiagnostic brain features. 5. *_FullICA_LP_B_NMF_*.PDF • Brain features obtained from the NMF analysis. 6. *_Redundancy_nuns_volt_not.mat • “Ired” is the 3D redundancy matrix (time point x feature × voxel), using all trials. • “TH” is the statistical threshold (FWER p < 0.05, one-tailed). • “time” stores the post-stimulus time (in seconds) for each time point. 7. *_Redundancy_nuns_not.mat • “Ired” is the 3D redundancy matrix (time point x feature × voxel), using “the nuns” and “don’t know” trials. • “TH” is the statistical threshold (FWER p < 0.05, one-tailed). 8. *_Redundancy_volt_not.mat • “Ired” is the 3D redundancy matrix (time point x feature × voxel), using “Voltaire” and “don’t know” trials. • “TH” is the statistical threshold (FWER p < 0.05, one-tailed).

The matlab file 'PERCEIVED SURFACE SHADING.m' generates the images used in Experiment 1 and 2 and Experiment 2 data.