Municipality-year panel dataset: Deforestation, climate, agricultural production, and environmental enforcement in Brazil's Legal Amazon (2010–2023)

Published: 9 March 2026| Version 1 | DOI: 10.17632/2d2gnxrys9.1
Contributor:
Erick Mauricio Corimanya-Yucra

Description

This dataset contains a municipality-year panel for 634 municipalities in Brazil's Legal Amazon, covering the period 2010–2023. It integrates four publicly available sources: annual clear-cut deforestation from INPE/PRODES (km²), municipal GDP and agricultural gross value added from IBGE's Produto Interno Bruto dos Municípios (constant 2010 R$ thousands), gridded annual precipitation (mm) and mean temperature (°C) from TerraClimate aggregated to municipal boundaries using area-weighted means, and counts of flora-related IBAMA infraction notices (non-cancelled) from IBAMA's open-data portal. The panel includes log-transformed and constructed variables used in the econometric analysis, including a post-2018 indicator and an arc-of-deforestation classifier. The dataset supports the empirical analysis reported in the accompanying article, which tests whether the conditional relationships between deforestation and its climate, production, and governance determinants changed structurally after 2018. The regression sample used in the article covers 2010–2021 (constrained by availability of IBGE municipal accounts). The dataset is provided in both Stata (.dta) and CSV formats, accompanied by a README file describing all variables. All source data are publicly accessible. Keywords: Deforestation; Brazilian Amazon; Land-use change; Environmental governance; IBAMA enforcement; PRODES; Municipal panel data; Climate variables; Agricultural value added

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Steps to reproduce

1. DEFORESTATION: Download annual deforestation increments from INPE/PRODES (http://www.obt.inpe.br/OBT/assuntos/programas/amazonia/prodes). Aggregate deforestation polygons to municipality-year using IBGE 2022 municipal boundaries. 2. ECONOMIC DATA: Download municipal GDP and agricultural gross value added (VAB agro) from IBGE Produto Interno Bruto dos Municípios. Deflate to constant 2010 R$ (thousands). 3. CLIMATE: Download monthly precipitation and temperature grids from TerraClimate (Abatzoglou et al., 2018; https://www.climatologylab.org/terraclimate.html). Compute annual totals (precipitation) and annual means (temperature). Aggregate to municipality-year using area-weighted means over IBGE 2022 municipal boundaries. 4. ENFORCEMENT: Download IBAMA infraction notices from https://dados.gov.br/dados/conjuntos-dados/fiscalizacao-auto_infracao. Filter to: flora-related violations, non-cancelled status, Legal Amazon states. Aggregate to municipality-year counts. 5. PANEL ASSEMBLY: Merge all sources by 7-digit IBGE municipality code and year. Restrict to municipalities with positive PRODES deforestation at least once during 2010-2021 (PRODES-ever), yielding 634 municipalities. Code missing enforcement as zero. 6. ESTIMATION: Run TWFE (reghdfe) and PPMLHDFE (ppmlhdfe) in Stata 17 with municipality and year fixed effects, SE clustered at municipality. Extend with post-2018 slope-break interactions and covariate-interacted event-study specifications (base year: 2018).

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Categories

Earth Sciences, Environmental Science, Biological Sciences Mathematical Method

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