Replication data and code for “Human capital and the environmental cost of development: Evidence from ecological and carbon footprints in Brazil”
Description
This dataset contains the processed annual data and Stata replication code used to estimate the ARDL–ECM, NARDL, Toda–Yamamoto causality, and robustness models for Brazil over 1970–2021. The data were compiled from publicly available sources, including the Global Footprint Network, World Development Indicators, Penn World Table, Our World in Data, and the Energy Institute.
Files
Steps to reproduce
To reproduce the results, download all files into a single working folder. Open Stata/MP 17.0 or a compatible Stata version and run the file replication_master_anonymized.do. The script uses relative paths and creates the required intermediate variables, including centered interaction terms, income partial sums, and robustness variables. It reproduces the descriptive statistics, unit-root tests, ARDL–ECM baseline estimates, conditional marginal effects, NARDL asymmetry models, Toda–Yamamoto causality tests, and robustness checks reported in the manuscript and supplementary material. The datasets are processed annual data for Brazil over 1970–2021, compiled from publicly available sources: Global Footprint Network, World Development Indicators, Penn World Table, Our World in Data, and the Energy Institute. Users should keep the .dta, .do, and README files in the same directory before running the replication script.