Diffusion of subsurface oxygen intensifies the pyrite oxidation during baseflow stages of the Indus headwater
Description
To trace the subsurface pyrite oxidation in the Indus headwater at Leh, India, a time-series sampling was carried out for one year (Sept. 2021- Sept. 2022) on a weekly to biweekly basis. The data contain the inversion results for cationic and sulfate sources.
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Surface water samples were collected from the Indus headwater in precleaned HDPE bottles, after rinsing it few times with the ambient water. The samples were brought to IISER Pune for their geochemical and isotopic analyses. Chemical and isotopic analyses of these samples were conducted following our established analytical protocols (Tripathy et al., 2019; Samanta et al., 2019; Rout and Tripathy, 2024). Major cation and anion concentrations were determined using an Ion Chromatograph (Metrohm Compact IC Plus 882). Water alkalinity was measured with an auto-titrator (Metrohm Titrino Plus 877), while dissolved silica was analysed using a spectrophotometer (M.D.T. INTERNATIONAL). The accuracy and precision of the measurements were ensured by analysing standards with known concentrations and performing replicate analyses of the samples. Isotopic compositions of dissolved sulfur and oxygen in riverine sulfate were determined using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Elementar-isoprime precisION). The quality of the data was regularly monitored through the use of international and in-house reference materials. For source-apportionment, we have carried out inverse modelling and Monte-Carlo simulation involving these datasets (Tripathy and Singh, 2010; Relph et al., 2021). These models provided estimates of cationic and sulfate contributions from various sources.
Institutions
- Indian Institute of Science Education Research Pune
- University of Kashmir