Competing Effects of Lignocellulosic Garden Waste in Vegetation Concrete: Organic Retardation, Moisture Buffering, and Interfacial Densification
Description
1. Data Overview This dataset contains the complete experimental measurements and analytical outputs that support the findings of the above-mentioned manuscript. The study investigates the competing mechanisms of lignocellulosic garden waste as a partial cement replacement in vegetation concrete, focusing on the trade-off between organic retardation, moisture buffering, and interfacial densification. 2. Experimental Design and Methodology A comprehensive methodological framework was employed, including: Orthogonal Experimental Design: An L9(3⁴) array was used to evaluate four factors at three levels: water-to-binder ratio (w/b), designed porosity, aggregate size, and garden waste content. A verification group, a waste-free control, and an inert filler control (20% limestone powder) were also prepared. Performance Testing: Measurements include 28-day compressive strength (f₂₈), connected porosity, permeability (k₁₅), pore solution pH, water absorption, and 7-day water retention. All tests followed Chinese standards (GB/T, CJJ/T) and were performed in triplicate. Microstructural Characterization: Key pore structure parameters were obtained via Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) for critical pore diameter (d~crit~), Nitrogen adsorption (BET/BJH) for specific surface area and mesoporosity, and X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) for 3D pore network analysis. Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) morphology was examined by Field-Emission SEM. Chemical Analysis: Leachate from garden waste was characterized for Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and reducing sugars to provide direct evidence of retardation mechanisms. 3. File Description (Complete_Dataset_Garden_Waste_Vegetation_Concrete.xlsx) The dataset is organized into five sheets within a single Excel file. 4. Data Usage and License This dataset is made available to facilitate transparency, reproducibility, and further meta-analysis. All data are original and unprocessed except for standard statistical derivations (e.g., ANOVA, range analysis). Researchers are encouraged to reuse these data under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0) license, provided that proper attribution is given to this manuscript and the dataset. 5. Funding Acknowledgment This work was supported by the Key Scientific and Technological Projects in Henan Province (242102320334) and the Henan Provincial University Science and Technology Innovation Team (No. 25IRTSTHN009).
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1. Raw material preparation: Garden waste (branches, bark, leaves) was pulverized to 100–300 µm, oven-dried at 105 °C for 24 h, and pre-soaked at the design w/b ratio for 1 h before mixing. P.O 42.5 and L·SAC 42.5 cements (1:1 mass ratio) were used with 5% nano-SiO2 (SR-02) fixed by cement mass. Crushed limestone aggregates of three single-size gradations (10–15, 15–20, and 20–25 mm) served as the coarse skeleton. 2. Specimen preparation: The wrapping-coating method was used. Dry cement and SR-02 were mixed for 30 s, then water and pre-saturated waste were added and mixed for 1 min, followed by aggregates and mixing for 2 min. Fresh concrete was cast into 100 mm cubic molds, compacted in three layers, demoulded at 24 h, and cured at 20 ± 2 °C with RH ≥ 95% for 28 d. 3. Orthogonal design: An L9(3⁴) array evaluated four factors: w/b ratio (0.30, 0.32, 0.34), designed porosity (20%, 25%, 30%), aggregate size (10–15, 15–20, 20–25 mm), and waste content (20%, 30%, 40%). A verification group (0.34, 20%, 15–20 mm, 20%), a waste-free control, and an inert filler control (20% limestone powder) were also prepared. Each group had three replicates. 4. Performance tests: At 28 d, compressive strength (f28) was measured per GB/T 50081-2019. Connected porosity used the Archimedes vacuum method. Permeability (k15) was measured by the constant-head method. Pore pH was measured by alkaline release. Seven-day water retention was evaluated by daily weighing of saturated specimens on soil at 20 °C without rainfall. 5. Leachate chemistry: 10.0 g of waste was immersed in 100 mL deionized water at 20 °C for 24 h. After centrifugation (5000 rpm, 10 min) and filtration (0.45 µm), TOC was measured by a Shimadzu TOC-L analyzer, and reducing sugars by the DNS colorimetric method (n = 3). Water absorption reversibility was assessed by the tea-bag method over five dry–wet cycles. 6. Microstructural characterization: MIP (AutoPore V 9600, 0.5–60,000 psia) yielded critical pore diameter (dcrit). N₂ adsorption (ASAP 2460) with BET and BJH gave specific surface area and mesoporosity. CT (Nano Voxel 4000, 58 µm voxel) images were segmented by Otsu and reconstructed in AVIZO. ITZ morphology was examined by SEM (Zeiss Sigma 300, 5,000×). 7. Data analysis: Range analysis, AHP, and Z-score evaluation were performed. One-way ANOVA was conducted in SPSS 26.0 (N = 36; error df = 33) with Shapiro–Wilk and Levene's tests (p > 0.05). ERS was calculated as f28 × R7 / 100. 8. Ecological validation: 28-d specimens were immersed in 0.5 M KH₂PO₄ (pH 7.0) for 24 h, rinsed, and sown with Cynodon dactylon at 15 g/m² in outdoor soil trays (March–July 2026). Germination was recorded for 14 d, survival at 30 and 90 d, and biomass dried at 65 °C for 48 h. Root length density was quantified by the line-intersect method.
Institutions
- Xinxiang UniversityChongqing, Xinxiang