Circular Resource Readiness, Import Exposure and Macroeconomic Resilience in GCC Economies: Open-Data Country-Year Panel, 2000–2021
Description
This country-year panel covers the six Gulf Cooperation Council economies (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates) for 2000–2021, a maximum of 132 observations. It was compiled to test whether circular resource readiness is associated with lower import exposure and macroeconomic volatility. Source variables were retrieved in September 2026 from UNEP/UN SDG indicator 12.2.2 (domestic material consumption per unit of GDP, EN_MAT_DOMCMPG) and the World Bank World Development Indicators: primary energy intensity (EG.EGY.PRIM.PP.KD), renewable energy share (EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS), imports (NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS) and exports (NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS) as % of GDP, real GDP growth (NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG) and CPI inflation (FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG). All values are used as published, with no simulation, interpolation or imputation; missing values are retained as missing (one country-year for imports and exports, and nine for inflation: Oman 2000 and the UAE 2000–2007). Derived variables include the Circular Resource Readiness Index (CRRI), computed as the equal-weight mean of pooled z-scores of sign-reversed DMC intensity, sign-reversed energy intensity and renewable share. CRRI is reported in standardised form and on a sample-relative 0–100 scale, where 100 denotes the panel maximum rather than complete circularity, alongside a principal-component-weighted CRRI. The remaining derived variables are trade openness, rolling three- and five-year standard deviations of real GDP growth, one-year lags, and mean-centred interaction terms, which together allow full replication of the associated two-way fixed-effects models with Driscoll–Kraay standard errors.