Novel Interpretation for the Second and Third Generation Quarks.

Published: 8 April 2026| Version 1 | DOI: 10.17632/6syv68c39h.1
Contributor:
Israel Fried

Description

The quark model was initially proposed independently by physicists Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig in 1964. Their model involved three flavors of quarks the up, down, and strange which carries properties such as spin and a fraction of elementary charge. There are six types of quarks, known as flavors: up, down (considered as first generation), strange, charm (considered as second generation), and bottom, top (considered as third generation). The quarks and anti quarks that possessing opposite characteristics of electric charge and spin can be found only within hadrons such as baryons (proton, neutron…), and mesons (pi, k….). Quarks in the Standard Model of particle physics are involved in the fundamental interactions. Only the first-generation (up and down) quarks are usually occurred in nature. The quarks are currently presumed as being dimensionless point-like particles. In a process of developing a sub atomic model I found that in reality there are less particles than those believed to be basic quarks since they possesses a fraction of the elementary charge, and are actually a complex particles consisting of sub atomic particles themselves. The model presented here shows that the second and third Generation quarks are compositions of a three of the first Generation quarks where two of them neutralize each other due to their opposite electric charges thus it prevents them from being discovered and reflecing out only the third. It explains also their larger mass. Keywords: A novel significance of the Second and third Generation Quarks.

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The experiments observed the part of the elementary charge that these particles are revealing to us, while they consist of three sub atomic particles where two of them neutralize each other due to their opposite electric charges thus preventing their detection. The quarks referred here are the strange quark and the charm quark, and based on specific assumptions, it is possible to formulate and achieve various decaying modes of the sub atomic particles theoretically, and especially the decay modes of the UARKSK mesons!

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Atomic Physics

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