Accessibility Evaluation of Multimedia Resources in Latin America Universities
Description
Testing accessibility in educational, informative resources is an excellent challenge for accessibility experts. At present, the lack of clear definitions of accessibility and adequate methods to obtain an accessible video can become a barrier for private users and users with disabilities. There are millions of videos that are used as educational and informative resources in the teaching-learning processes. Its creators have not worried about implementing accessibility in the resources of the type of video to make them more inclusive. This article proposes a combined method between the photosensitive epilepsy analysis tool and the manual evaluation with Website Accessibility Conformance Evaluation Methodology (WCAG-EM) 1.0. In this research, we applied as a case study to educational videos from Latin American universities according to the Webometrics ranking. This case study can serve as a starting point for future research related to accessibility in video-type resources.
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This study applied the Website Accessibility Conformance Evaluation Methodology (WCAG-EM) 1.0 to determine if the content of the multimedia resources evaluated complies with WCAG 2.1. The method consists of seven sequential phases: Phase 1: Select the resource with the URL of the university according to the Webometrics ranking, in this phase, we entered YouTube, then we searched for the resources related to the URL of the best universities in Latin America according to Webometrics. The selection of the videos was random, in this preliminary work we evaluated ten videos, Table I contains the name of the university and the acronym. Phase 2: Download the resource, in this phase, the video type resource is downloaded to analyze with the PEAT . The tool evaluates the content of the video or animation, mainly if it contains intermittent or fast transitions between light and dark background colors. Phase 3: Convert the resource to AVI format, to analyze the video, with the PEAT tool one of the requirements is that the video is in AVI (Audio Video Interleave) format. PEAT is a free resource for developers to identify the risks of luminosity in the content of the videos, which may affect users with a predisposition to epilepsy. Phase 4: Analyze with the Photosensitive Epilepsy Analysis Tool (PEAT), in this phase, the video in AVI format is uploaded to PEAT to perform the photosensitivity analysis. We record the results in a spreadsheet, in this case, we used Microsoft Excel. Figure 3 shows a screenshot during the analysis of the video with PEAT. Phase 5: Analyze manually the resource with WCAG 2.1, in this phase, WCAG 2.1 was applied, detailed in Table II. This phase includes the guidance, the principle and the level that was applied manually during the analysis phase. Phase 6: Recording and analysis of results, in this phase, the results were recorded in a spreadsheet of Microsoft Excel The data record and the analysis of the results of this investigation are available in the Mendeley repository (the double-blind review does not present the address) Phase 7: Suggest recommendations, in this phase, we apply some recommendations so that the type of video resource is accessible and inclusive, according to WCAG 2.1. Figure 4 includes some suggestions for creating accessible videos. It is proposed to add subtitles and other alternatives for multimedia. People who cannot listen to the audio or watch the video need alternatives. They can include text transcriptions and subtitles for the audio content, which allow personalizing the language and speed. Audio descriptions that are narrations describing visual details are essential in a video. As well as the interpretation in sign language of the audio content. Also, it is essential to include dynamic text transcripts that contain the correct sequence of any audio information. These suggestions provide a basic level of accessibility and facilitate access to video-type resources.