Paravertebral Muscle Effective Atomic Number from Spectral CT Is Associated with Volumetric Bone Mineral Density in Individuals Aged ≥50 Years: a cross-sectional study

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Paravertebral Muscle Effective Atomic Number from Spectral CT Is Associated with Volumetric Bone Mineral Density in Individuals Aged ≥50 Years Vertebral volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) was measured using quantitative CT and categorized as normal bone mass, osteopenia, or osteoporosis. Bilateral paravertebral muscle Zeff and HU at the L3-L4 level was evaluated. Associations were examined using multivariable linear, proportional-odds ordinal logistic, and binary logistic regression. Discrimination was compared between age- and sex-based models with versus without Zeff , with versus without HU, and with combined Zeff and HU, using ROC analysis and the paired DeLong test; 1,000 bootstrap resamples were used for internal validation.

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