AI_Governance_Maturity
Description
This study addresses two primary research objectives: (1) to develop and validate a measurement instrument for assessing organizational Artificial Intelligence (AI) governance, and (2) to examine the AI governance maturity levels of organizations in Thailand utilizing the proposed instrument. The developed AI governance maturity framework comprises 10 distinct dimensions: Governance Structures and Roles, Leadership, Data Governance and Privacy, Safety and Robustness, Transparency and Explainability, Accountability, Fairness and Bias Mitigation, Human Oversight, Monitoring and Evaluation, and Continuous Improvement. An initial pool of 70 measurement items was generated through a comprehensive review of extant literature coupled with in-depth interviews conducted with executives from 12 organizations. The target population encompassed organizations registered with the Department of Business Development (DBD) or listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET). A purposive sampling strategy was employed to capture both organizations currently deploying AI technologies and those in the preliminary stages of adoption. Data were collected between November and December 2025 via a multi-channel approach, yielding 687 valid responses across eight major industrial sectors in Thailand. The raw empirical data were subjected to statistical evaluation using SPSS. Analytical results confirm that the AI governance maturity instrument possesses psychometric properties, demonstrating validity and reliability, with no evidence of common method bias (CMB). Descriptive analysis indicates that while AI governance is present across organizations in Thailand, its development remains moderate and uneven. Mean scores across the ten dimensions ranged narrowly from 2.936 to 3.095. This pattern suggests a propensity for organizations to establish formal governance structures and intentions prior to cultivating the rigorous routines required for sustained oversight, review, and organizational learning. Subgroup analyses reveal that significant differences across the ten dimensions are primarily associated with organizational size and the extent of organizational experience with AI. Overall, this study contributes a validated, organizational-level measurement framework and provides practical insights for enterprises seeking to advance their AI governance toward genuine operational maturity.