Impacts of Organic Fertilizer Substitution on Soil
Description
Experimental Design:A three-year consecutive field experiment was conducted using an equal nitrogen application design with the following treatments: no fertilizer control (CK), conventional farmer fertilization (CF), and organic fertilizer substitutions at 10% (SF1), 20% (SF2), 30% (SF3), 40% (SF4), and 50% (SF5) of chemical fertilizer. Key soil parameters were analyzed, including available nutrients (alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium), organic matter content, enzyme activities (e.g., urease and phosphatase), and microbial community structure (bacterial and fungal diversity and abundance).
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soil alkaliolytic nitrogen（AN） was measured using the alkaliolytic diffusion method and soil available phosphorus（AP） was extracted using the NaHCO3 and molybdenum-antimony resistance colorimetric method. Moreover, soil available potassium（AK） was determined using ammonium acetate extraction and flame spectrophotometry, and soil organic matter（OM） was determined using the potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method，Soil enzyme activity refers to the capacity of enzymes in the soil to catalyze biochemical reactions, reflecting the intensity of soil biological activity and nutrient cycling. These enzymes, primarily derived from microorganisms, plant roots, and soil fauna, play crucial roles in key processes such as the decomposition of organic matter and the transformation and release of nutrients. Common soil enzymes include urease (involved in nitrogen cycling) and phosphatase (involved in phosphorus cycling), among others.Soil urease activity was determined using the phenol sodium-hypochlorite colorimetric method, while catalase activity was measured via potassium permanganate titration. Sucrase activity was assessed using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) colorimetric method, and alkaline phosphatase activity was quantified through the disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method.The soil microbial community refers to the collective assemblage of various microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and archaea) inhabiting the soil, which play a crucial role in soil ecosystems. These microorganisms are involved in key processes, including the decomposition of organic matter, nutrient cycling (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), the formation of soil structure, and the promotion of plant growth. High-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing：The genomic DNA of the soil sample was extracted using TGuide S96 Magnetic Soil /Stool DNA Kit (Tiangen Biotech (Beijing) Co., Ltd.) according to manufacturer’s instructions.. The V1-V9 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified using primers (27F: AGRGTTTGATYNTGGCTCAG; 1492R: TASGGHTACCTTGTTASGACTT) . The amplicons were quantified, after which the normalized equimolar concentrations of amplicons were pooled and sequenced on the PacBio Sequel II platform (Beijing Biomarker Technologies Co., Ltd., Beijing, China).
Institutions
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences