Sound_Speed_Contributions_of_Solutes_in_Water
Description
In this work, we present systematic experimental data on the contribution of various electrolytes to sound speed in water, covering a temperature range from 1°C to 30°C and concentrations up to 0.05 mol l-1., which covers fully the freshwater range and goes slightly beyond it.
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Steps to reproduce
We prepared aqueous solutions of multiple electrolytes commonly found in limnic waters. For that purpose, we used a 3l beaker on a magnetic mixing table, guaranteeing continuous mixing and uniform temperature and concentration profiles. For measurements of sound speed in water, we used two instruments: A Valeport miniSVS sound speed sensor attached to a multiparameter probe manufactured by Sea&Sun Technologies and the sound speed measurement facility integrated into the densitometer Anton Paar DSA5000 (Graz, Austria). The Sea and Sun probe (model CTM90, thereafter called 'CTM1143') measured sound speed (accuracy: 0.03 m s-1), temperature (accuracy: 0.002 °C), electrical conductivity (accuracy: 0.008 mS cm-1), pH (to exclude concentrations of H+ and OH-, which could be produced in the dissolution process of salts and affect the sound speed) and more parameters, which were not used in this investigation (accuracies as reported by the manufacturer). The attached Valeport miniSVS sensor was probably the most precise commercially available sensor for sound speed in natural waters. Sound speed was measured as time of flight using a ring-around method. All measurements were acquired simultaneously and stored by the probe internally. For measurements in each solution, the 'CTM1143' multiparameter probe was plunged into the beaker positioned on the operating magnetic table. The probe was activated with a magnetic switch. Data were stored in the probe memory, subsequently acquired with the manufacturer's firmware, and saved as a text file. The Anton-Paar DSA5000 densitometer and sound speed analyzer was used to measure density and sound speed (accuracy: 0.5 m s-1) of solutions over the temperature range from 30°C to 1°C.
Institutions
- Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Umweltforschung UFZ