New soil management Biogeosystem Technique methodology improves soil providing high biological productivity and environmental stability (a review of perspectives)
Description
The soil management is an important theme in a global and regional environmental change. Attempting to copy natural processes globally and regionally, the outdated agronomy and silviculture technology influences agroecosystem and forest ecosystem adversely failing in a robust soil priming effect providing. A current Soil Science theory and a high level experimental instrumentation outperforms outdated soil management. The heuristic synergistic transcendental Biogeosystem Technique (BGT*) agriculture and afforestation soil management methodology has been developed as a system of soil management priming actions. Here, we mean a “transcendental” as a synthesis of the agriculture and silviculture soil management priming action, based on the natural pattern, but has no direct analogues in natural soil ecosystems. BGT* methodology includes: 1. A soil multilevel geophysical aggregate system creation via intra-soil milling in the 20–45 to 40-80 cm layer for the soil well-developed aggregation priming effect improving rhizosphere function and increasing a total plant and tree aboveground and underground biological production. 2. An intra-soil pulse continuous-discrete watering procures a dividing of a phase of water supply to the soil and a phase of water spreading throughout the soil. A resulting soil matrix potential is circa −0.2 to −0.3 MPa. A plant stomatal apparatus operates in a regulation mode. A water saving is up to 5–20 times. 3. An intra-soil waste recycling includes the intra-soil mechanical processing and simultaneous application of ameliorative, soil-structuring, nutrition, plant-stimulating matter and gasification solid by-product to ensure a mechanical and chemical priming action on the soil system stability and rhizosphere development. A soil biota, including polymicrobial association biofilms, stimulation improves HS regime and plant and tree growth. A controlled soil water content ensures improved soil C cycling, higher level reversible C biological sequestration in above ground and underground biomass, stabilizes dissolved organic matter and soil organic matter regime and provides intra-soil heavy metal passivation. Particulate matter (PM) atmosphere content reduces due to a higher rate ionized photosynthetic O2 production intensifying atmosphere PM2.5 сoalescence. The BGT* provides formation of microbial hotspots throughout the fine aggregate soil continuum, ensuring abundant controlled soil-biological process and long-term afforestation efficiency. A predictable microbiota driven ecosphere-friendly geochemical cycle will enable atmosphere high quality, soil and human health, Earth’s climate system stabilization and green circular economy in the regions of the world.
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Steps to reproduce
The study object was Chernozem and Kastanozem. The soils were sampled from the wall of the soil profile section. The soil sampling strategy used was a combination of the model-based, zone, expert and database approach. There were three individual samples from the cross-section to carry out a statistical procedure. Soil geophysical properties were investigated according to Klute. Soil bulk density was determined into the soil profile by a metal ring pressed to the wall of cross-section at a given depth. Soil aggregate analysis was fulfilled by the dry sieving method according to Nichols. The soil aggregate distribution after intra-soil milling study was made by the Roentgen method. The soil water regime was characterized by the soil water thermodynamic potential (matric potential). The experimental scheme was randomized in three replicates. The yield was accounted according to Janvry. A link into a consortium of distinct species within biofilms and microbial infiltrates was established by a direct visualization of consortia in a tissue and the soil via a fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). The SOM content was determined by a wet oxidation procedure by the Walkley–Black method. The soil chemical properties were studied by water extraction of soluble salts, with the water to soil ratio (5:1). Soil samples were analyzed by the conventional widely accepted standard analytical methods. The soil physicochemical properties (an absorbed cation–anion composition) were determined using the standard method for the soils of high carbonate content (SW-846). The heavy metal total soil content was determined by the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method on the X-ray fluorescent scanning spectrometer "SPECTROSCAN MAX-GV". The concentration of water-soluble heavy metal in soil solution was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer KVANT 2-AT. The thermodynamic approach was applied to study the soil solution origin. The model ION-3 considers the fundamental laws of electrolyte theory The free anions and macro-ion pair equilibrium concentrations [CO32−], [HCO3−], [SO42−], [Cl−], [OH−] influence the Pb2+ and Cd2+ soluble form content in water extract. To characterize the thermodynamic state of microelement in soil solution, we proposed the microelement association coefficient kas(ME). In the synthesis of a device for intra-soil mechanical processing and intra-soil application of matter, the heuristic approach was applied. The data associated errors and statistical significance calculation was performed with Statistica v.10.0.1011, the data are statistically significant at p < 0.05. More details how we arrived at our data, methods and protocols used, and instruments, reagents, software or workflows are in the publications listed in the “My files”. It will additionally help understand how the data was gathered and how to reproduce the research.
Institutions
- Institute of Fertility of Soils of South RussiaPersianovskii