Global and Planetary Change

Supplemental data table with analysis of all studied sections of the Frasnian-Famennian boundary.

Neogloboquadrina incompta d18O and Mg/Ca ratios in the Japan Sea over the past 6800 years. Core-top d18O and Mg/Ca ratios from 13 sites in the Japan Sea are also included.

Alkenone based sea surface temperature from two sites, i.e., A03-B and YS01, located in the south Yellow Sea.

Carbon and Strontium isotopes data

inorganic carbon, oxygen isotope data and XRF data of the UAE Tr-J boundary sections

Here are data used for figures in "Divergent spatial responses of plant and ecosystem water-use efficiency to climate and vegetation gradients in the Chinese Loess Plateau", indcuding mean WUE values for different precipiration, temperature and NDVI gradients and sensitivity of WUE to variations in precipitation, temperature and NDVI in the Chinese Loess Plateau.

The following supplementary information includes an additional figure (Figure S1) and datasets. Dataset S1, which is uploaded separately, contains 3 tables: Table 1: Biomarker distributions and proxies at Cobham, UK Table 2: Bulk and compound specific isotope data at Cobham (UK) Table 3: Model-derived mean annual surface temperature and precipitation estimates as a function of CO2 at Cobham (UK).

Palynological data, SG-1 and SG-1b cores from the Qaidam Basin (NE Tibetan Plateau) spanning the past ca. 7 Ma

In the data set we publish DJF tsurf and sss for each simulation. Furthermore, we make available MA sea-ice compactness for all experiments as well wind speeds for experiments C-1120 and GNS-47_4x for DJF and JJA. All data will be available on Pangea when the manuscript will be accepted.

This geochemistry data comes from a newly discovered extraordinarily well-preserved stratigraphic section of the Permian-Triassic boundary in Utah. The data features a comprehensive geochemical dataset from northeastern Utah, assembled from a unique and remarkable 9-meter section of rock in Sheep Creek Valley. The findings include a large-scale carbon isotopic excursion across the event, indicative of high atmospheric carbon dioxide, as well as a dramatic reduction in the deposition of calcium carbonate due to ocean acidification at the boundary layer. This study further documents an elevated mercury-spike, as well as observed elevated lead, zinc and strontium content. This evidence suggests large amounts of naturally occurring emissions of coal combustion at the Permian-Triassic boundary, likely caused by the large scale volcanic eruptions of the coeval Siberian Traps. The resulting global changes associated with the abrupt enrichment of the atmosphere in carbon dioxide was the major contributor to the mass extinction event. This is the first study to examine barium content across the Permian-Triassic boundary, and it provides evidence that upwelling of methane hydrate in the oceans followed the initial acidification event. Ocean anoxia (absence of oxygen) is suggested by the unusual deposition of pyrite within the shallow marine waters of the once coastal sediments of northeastern Utah. Precession orbital geochemical variation is observed in the stratigraphic section allowing a finer temporal resolution beyond any previously published section. Together, this dataset gives a unique picture of an ancient cataclysm that altered life on Earth.