Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications

Introduction: Obese patients have increased leptin production and selective resistance to its central anti-adipogenic effects, yet its pro-inflammatory immunostimulating effects persist. Material and Methods: In a group of 70 patients who underwent primary kidney transplantation (KT) we examined adiponectin and leptin levels at the time of KT and 6 months post-transplantation. Patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 or type 2 at the time of KT were excluded from the study. Results: We found that leptin levels significantly increased during the post-transplant period (P = 0.0065). Overall, leptin levels were positively correlated with the level of triacylglycerols, post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) development and acute rejection (AR). We discovered that, in particular, high leptin levels were associated with AR [OR 2.1273; 95%CI 1.0130-4.4671 (P = 0.0461)] and PTDM development [OR 7.200; 95%CI 1.0310-50.2836 (P = 0.0465)], whereas, low adiponectin levels represent a risk factor for the development of insulin resistance [HR 38.6135; 95%CI 13.3844-67.7699 (P <0.0001)] and obesity [HR 3.0821; 95%CI 0.8700-10.9192 (P = 0.0053)]. Conclusion: We found that a high serum concentration of leptin before KT is associated with both PTDM development and AR and merits further investigation in relation to KT.

There is a strong link between long-term ADT and diabetes in prostate cancer patients. The association was particularly striking in the subgroup of patients receiving complete androgen blockade. Most patients with prostate cancer die of conditions other than their primary cancer, including complications of ADT. Physicians should discuss with the patient in detail and inform the patient of the possible risk of ADT before starting treatment.