Disaggregating innovation for sustainable development in ASEAN: Panel evidence on the moderating role of government effectiveness
Description
Full text where this data is used: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0344357. The dataset contains annual panel data for ten ASEAN countries from 2011 to 2022, comprising key indicators used to examine the interplay between innovation, governance, and sustainable development. The core variables include the Global Innovation Index (GII), the Sustainable Development Index (SDG Index), and Government Effectiveness. In addition to the overall GII score, the dataset provides disaggregated values for the seven GII pillars, labeled as P1 to P7, which capture different dimensions of national innovation systems: P1: Institutions P2: Human Capital & Research P3: Infrastructure P4: Market Sophistication P5: Business Sophistication P6: Knowledge & Technology Outputs P7: Creative Outputs Several important control variables are also included, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows (as % of GDP), Gross National Income (GNI) per capita (in constant 2015 USD, based on the World Bank’s Atlas method), and Government Effectiveness scores from the World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI). To ensure consistency, country names have been replaced with their respective international phone calling codes (e.g., +62 for Indonesia, +60 for Malaysia). Minor data gaps were addressed using linear interpolation, where methodologically appropriate. The data are compiled from authoritative and publicly available sources, including the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), the World Bank (WDI and WGI), and UNCTAD. This dataset is suitable for panel regression modeling, regional policy analysis, and studies on the determinants and enablers of sustainable development in Southeast Asia.
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Steps to reproduce
COUNTRY AND TIME SCOPE The dataset covers 10 ASEAN countries: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Time frame: 2011 to 2022 (12 years of annual data). In the final dataset, country names were replaced with their international phone codes (e.g., +60 for Malaysia, +65 for Singapore). COLLECTED GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX (GII) DATA Source: WIPO Global Innovation Index Reports (2011–2022). Extracted the overall GII score and the seven GII pillar scores, which capture different dimensions of national innovation capability: P1: Institutions; P2: Human Capital and Research; P3: Infrastructure; P4: Market Sophistication; P5: Business Sophistication; P6: Knowledge and Technology Outputs; P7: Creative Outputs. These are included in the dataset as variables p1 to p7, representing pillar-specific scores for each country-year. Linear interpolation was used for minor gaps in pillar data when adjacent years were available. COLLECTED SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INDEX DATA Source: Sustainable Development Report by SDSN (https://dashboards.sdgindex.org/). Extracted SDG Index scores for all countries and years. Where early-year values were missing, nearest available values were carried forward or backward with caution and flagged. COLLECTED GOVERNMENT EFFECTIVENESS SCORES Source: World Bank – Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI). Used the Government Effectiveness indicator (range: -2.5 to +2.5). Data was manually aligned to ensure correct matching by country and year. COLLECTED CONTROL VARIABLES FDI (% of GDP): From World Bank WDI (BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS) GNI per capita: From World Bank Atlas method (NY.GNP.PCAP.CD) GNI was converted to constant 2015 USD when necessary. The Atlas method smooths exchange rate volatility and is development-standard. DATA MERGING AND CLEANING Merged all datasets using country (stored as international phone code) and year as keys. Ensured naming consistency across sources before conversion to code format. Checked for duplicates, handled missing values via interpolation (where defensible), and validated outliers. Final dataset saved in .csv and .xlsx with proper variable names, labels, and documentation.
Institutions
- Asia Pacific University of Technology and InnovationWilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur