Sono, ansiedade e depressão associados à qualidade de vida de pessoas idosas
Description
Introduction: As individuals age, various factors can affect their quality of life, such as changes in sleep patterns and the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression. Objective: To analyze the correlation between quality of life and changes in sleep patterns, symptoms of anxiety, and depression in elderly individuals assisted at a Health Unit. Materials and Methods: This is a quantitative, cross-sectional study conducted with 307 older adults assisted by a Health Unit in southern Brazil. The instruments used were the WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD; the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Data collection was conducted at the participants' homes between May and August 2024. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationships among variables. Results: A weak correlation was observed between quality of life and sleep quality (r = -0.28 and r = -0.35). In contrast, the correlations with anxiety symptoms (r = -0.47 and r = -0.40) and depression symptoms (r = -0.61 and r = -0.55) were negative and moderate. Discussion: Domains and facets of quality of life showed negative correlations with the variables analyzed, especially physical and psychological aspects, as well as social participation. Conclusions: The findings confirm that poor sleep quality and the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms are associated with worse quality of life in older adults, highlighting the importance of continuous monitoring and effective strategies to promote overall well-being.
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The Basic Health Unit had three Family Health Strategy (FHS) teams that assisted 1,660 older adults. Those registered with the three teams were included in the study, while individuals presenting cognitive impairments that compromised their understanding of the questions—assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination —and those absent from their homes during at least two attempts on different days and times were excluded. With the lists of names and addresses of individuals eligible for inclusion in the study, a random selection of participants was carried out, considering a prevalence of 50%, a 5% margin of error, and a 95% confidence level and sample precision, with an additional 5% (16 individuals) to account for potential losses. The sample comprised 328 individuals; however, after refusals (11) and changes/absence at addresses (10), 307 were effectively interviewed in their homes. A structured questionnaire was used, consisting of four parts: 1) Personal and sociodemographic data (sex, age group, ethnicity, occupation, marital status, and family income) and physical activity practice; 2) Quality of life; 3) Sleep quality; 4) Symptoms of anxiety and depression.