Endophytic Microorganisms: Foes and Friends of Plants
Description
Endophytes are organisms (mainly bacteria, fungi, and viruses) of the plant microbiome, which reside asymptomatically within their host tissues (de Bary, 1866; Oulhen et al., 2016; Verma et al., 2021). These endophytes enter plants through vegetative and reproductive parts of plants, forming symbiotic associations ranging from mutualism to commensalism (Aguilar-Marcelino et al., 2020a; Mishra et al., 2021) for the dominant periods of their life cycle, and sometimes switch to pathogenic states under stress conditions (Aguilar-Marcelino et al., 2020b; Galindo-Solís and Fernández, 2022). Endophytes improve growth of their host by enhancing nutrient acquisition, producing phytohormones (Mohammed and Al-Ani, 2021; Verma et al., 2021), and increasing their resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses (Kushwaha et al., 2019; White et al., 2019; Verma et al., 2021).
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Institutions
- Nanda Nath Saikia CollegeAssam, Titābar