i-CBM-I and deprssion
Description
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with multiple cognitive biases, including a tendency to interpret ambiguous information negatively and to recall negatively valenced autobiographical memories. Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation (CBM-I) is a promising, scalable intervention to alleviate depressive symptoms by targeting these biases, yet little is known about its broader cognitive effects beyond interpretation.. The present study tested the effects of a six-day imagery-based CBM-I (i-CBM-I) intervention on depressive symptoms , interpretation bias, and autobiographical memory valence in individuals with MDD. Fifty-six participants with DSM-5 MDD diagnoses were randomly assigned to either a positive i-CBM-I or a neutral-control group. Using a within-subject design with a one-week no-intervention baseline, we assessed depressive symptoms (using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9), interpretation bias (Ambiguous Scenarios Test for Depression), and autobiographical memory valence (Autobiographical Memory Test) at three time points: baseline, pre-intervention, post-intervention. Results revealed that only the positive i-CBM-I group showed significant reductions in depressive symptoms during the intervention week, alongside improvements in both interpretation bias and autobiographical memory valence. Planned contrasts confirmed that these effects were specific to the intervention week and did not occur during the control period. These findings support the Combined Cognitive Biases Hypothesis, suggesting that changing interpretation bias can indirectly affect how individuals recall their personal past. This suggests that self-administered, imagery-based interventions may not only reduce symptoms but also reshape cognitive processes at the core of depressive experiences. mem data reprsnt the memory coding (nutral, positive negative) of each particpant in each time point CBM- reprsnt biasline domgrfices (age, gender) and use of imgery (SUIS, PITN, PITP) and the score in deprssion symptomes (BDI,PHQ) and interpretition bias (ASD) in each time point. In addition the R code can shwo you hwo the data was manged.