Research data for “Post-polyploid evolution decouples cadmium tolerance from shoot accumulation and reshapes zinc-mediated cadmium partitioning in wheat”

Description

Raw data and statistical analyses of morphological and antioxidant-defense traits,ion content and gene expression levels in DD, AABB, S-AABBDD, and N-AABBDD wheat under different Cd and Zn treatments. The file includes within-genotype comparisons across treatments (vertical comparison) and between-genotype comparisons within each treatment (horizontal comparison). These data support the morphological and physiological analyses presented in the manuscript.

Steps to reproduce

Four wheat genotypes (DD, AABB, S-AABBDD, and N-AABBDD) were grown hydroponically and exposed at the three-leaf stage to a 3 × 3 Cd–Zn treatment matrix containing 0, 0.1, or 1 mM Cd and 0, 0.1, or 1 mM Zn. Morphological and physiological traits, including shoot height, root traits, membrane-injury indicators, and antioxidant-enzyme activities, were measured using the procedures described in the manuscript. Shoot height and primary root length were measured from 12–15 plants per genotype × treatment, while root morphology, physiological, elemental, and gene-expression analyses were based on three independent biological replicates. Cd, Zn, Fe, Na, K, and Ca concentrations were determined separately in shoots and roots after acid digestion, and elemental translocation factors were calculated as TF = Cshoot/Croot. For gene-expression analysis, total RNA was extracted separately from shoot and root tissues, reverse-transcribed to cDNA, and analyzed by qRT-PCR for TaNramp2, TaNramp5, TaHMA2, TaZIP5, TaHsfA1A, and TaHsfA2B. Gene expression was normalized to TaGAPDH and calculated using the 2^−ΔΔCt method. Cd-responsive expression was expressed as RCgene = ECd/ECK, and Zn-mediated expression responses as RRgene = ECd+Zn/ECd. For morphological and physiological traits, Cd-response coefficients were calculated as RC = XCd/XCK, and Zn-mediated response ratios as RR = XCd+Zn/XCd. Statistical comparisons were performed both among treatments within each genotype and among genotypes within each treatment. Integrated Cd-tolerance and Zn-mitigation scores were calculated from 14 morphological and physiological traits using the CRITIC weighting method. Elemental traits were analyzed using factorial genotype × Cd × Zn ANOVA and planned interaction contrasts, with P values adjusted using the Benjamini–Hochberg false-discovery-rate procedure. Reference-genotype resemblance was evaluated from treatment/control fold changes using the parental/reference similarity index and standardized Euclidean-distance analyses. Gene–gene coherence and gene–trait/ion associations were assessed separately for each genotype using Pearson correlation analysis. Gene–gene coherence was calculated from treatment-mean expression data, whereas gene–trait/ion associations were based on matched biological-replicate data. The accompanying files contain the raw measurements and statistical outputs used to generate the reported figures, tables, and supplementary analyses.

Categories

Funders

• National Key Research & Development Program of China

  Grant ID: 2022YFF1003303
• Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province, China

  Grant ID: 20250102263JC
• Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

  Grant ID: 2412025QG003

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