Dataset on the Response of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) to High Temperature and Water Stress During the Flowering Stage
Description
This dataset contains morphological, physiological, environmental and microscopic observations collected from controlled experiments evaluating the response of rice (Oryza sativa L. var. MR253) to high temperature (38°C), water stress (≤23% soil moisture) and their combined stress during the flowering stage. The dataset includes plant growth parameters, gas exchange measurements, chlorophyll fluorescence, yield data, environmental monitoring records and microscopic images of stigma structures. Data are provided in spreadsheet and image formats with detailed metadata to facilitate reuse.
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Rice plants (Oryza sativa L. var. MR253) were grown under controlled experimental conditions to evaluate their response to high temperature, water stress, and combined stress during the flowering stage. The experiment was conducted at the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang, Malaysia, using a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Four treatments were applied: control (C), high temperature (HT), water stress (WS), and combined high temperature and water stress (HT+WS). High temperature treatment (38°C) was imposed using a phytotron growth chamber (Daihan Scientific), while water stress was applied by regulating soil moisture levels to ≤23% using potted plants. Morphological measurements including plant height, tiller number, leaf rolling index, and plant biomass were recorded at different growth stages (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after sowing). Physiological parameters such as photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and water use efficiency were measured using a portable photosynthesis system (LI-6400XT, LI-COR Biosciences, USA). Relative water content was determined using fresh, turgid, and dry leaf weights. Chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) was measured using a portable chlorophyll fluorometer, while chlorophyll a and b concentrations were determined using spectrophotometric analysis following standard pigment extraction procedures. Microscopic observations of rice stigma structures were performed during the flowering stage using a Nikon ECLIPSE 50i light microscope at 40× magnification. Images were captured to document stigma morphology under different treatment conditions. Environmental conditions during the experiment were monitored using a Spectrum WatchDog 2900ET Data Logger installed near the experimental site. The instrument recorded daily air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, and precipitation throughout the experimental period covering three cropping seasons. All collected measurements were compiled into spreadsheet datasets and organized according to morphological, physiological, environmental, and microscopy data categories.