Supplementary Data: Effects of Carboxymethyl cellulose on mechanical, viscoelastic properties, and thermal properties of starch/plant fiber foaming tableware materials with foam structure
Description
Supplementary data for Figure 2, Figure 4, Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9 and Figure 10 in the manuscript. In this study, a new bio-based composite material of starch/plant fiber foaming tableware material reinforced with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was prepared by the hot-pressing foaming method. The influence of the CMC content on the morphological structure, mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, thermal stability, Viscoelastic properties, oil resistance and biodegradability of the foam materials was systematically investigated. The experimental results showed that adding an appropriate amount of CMC (10 wt%) made the cell structure of the foam material more uniform, and improved the mechanical properties and thermal insulation capacity of the material. A dynamic mechanical thermal analysis revealed that an appropriate amount of CMC (10 wt%) can synergistically increase the storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss factor of the foam material. As for thermal properties, the addition of 10wt% CMC was beneficial for improving the thermal stability of the material and reducing thermal degradation. In addition, the increase of CMC content is beneficial to the improvement of the oil resistance and biodegradability of the starch/plant fiber foaming tableware materials. Therefore, the starch/plant fiber foaming tableware materials reinforced with CMC film-forming agent could be used as a biodegradable alternative to expanded polystyrene (EPS) tableware, reducing the use of traditional petroleum-based materials
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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) Take 1.5 mg of sample powder and 160 mg of KBr powder, and then press the mixed particles into transparent or translucent sheets with a powder pressing machine (FW-4A, Tianjin Tuopu Instrument Co., Ltd., China). A Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Nicolet iS5, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., USA) was used to analyses the FT-IR of the foam samples, with 64 scans continuously in the frequency range of 4000-400cm-1 at a resolution of 4cm-1 Thermal stability The thermal stability of the starch/plant fiber foaming tableware material was determined by conducting thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests using a simultaneous thermal analyzer (sdt650, Ta Instruments Co., Ltd, USA). The test was conducted in a nitrogen atmosphere, with a constant heating rate of 10℃/min from 25 to 600℃. And the sample mass was 15mg, the type of sample pan is alumina crucible. For each formulation, at least three tests were performed, and the thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and the differential thermogravimetry (DTG) curves of the typical specimen were shown. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis 2.4.7. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis For the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), foam specimens of 50 × 10× 4 mm size were cut from various starch/plant fiber foaming tableware materials and stored at standard atmospheric conditions before carrying out the analysis. The DMTA analysis was conducted in 3-point flexural mode using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (Q800, Ta Instruments Co., Ltd, USA). The dynamic measurements were recorded during a heat ramp starting from 25 ◦C to 200 ◦C at a constant test frequency of 1 Hz and heating rate of 5 ℃/min. The storage modulus (E’), loss modulus (E”), and loss factor (tan δ) of the foam samples were measured in triplicate, and provided an appropriate a typical curve.
Institutions
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology