Change over Stock: A Dynamic QCA of Configurational Pathways to Green Technology Innovation in Manufacturing
Description
This dataset comprises firm-level panel data of Chinese A-share listed manufacturing firms from 2017 to 2025, including 411 firms and 3,699 firm-year observations with 12 fields. Firms with ST, *ST, or delisting risk warnings were excluded, observations with missing key variables were removed, and all continuous variables were winsorized at the 1st and 99th percentiles. The sample is divided into two sub-periods: P1 (2017–2020) and P2 (2021–2025), with 1,644 and 2,055 observations, respectively.
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Steps to reproduce
Field Descriptions: Time: Calendar year (2017–2025). Stock Abbreviation: Stock short name of the listed firm. ID: Unique firm identifier. Total Green Patent Applications: Raw count of green invention patents applied by the firm. Log-transformed in the paper as GTI_Level = ln(1 + Number of Green Patents). Digital Empowerment Level: Keyword frequency (digital empowerment, AI, cloud computing, big data, digital platform, blockchain) from annual reports, log-transformed. Log-transformed Government Subsidies: Natural log of total government subsidies (auxiliary variable; the formal PS variable is constructed from environment-related subsidies scaled by total assets). R&D Investment Intensity: R&D expenditure / operating revenue. Enterprise Nature: Binary variable, 1 if state-owned shareholding ≥ 50%, otherwise 0. ESG Comprehensive Score: Sino-Securities ESG rating covering environmental, social, and governance dimensions. Business Type: Export revenue / total operating revenue. Industry Name (CSRC 2012) and Industry Code (CSRC 2012): Manufacturing sub-industry classification. Data Sources: CSMAR database (financial and governance data), CNINFO (annual reports for digital keywords and environmental subsidies), CNRDS (green patent data), and Sino-Securities ESG Database. Usage Notes: (1) ST firms excluded and continuous variables winsorized. Raw data are third-party licensed and cannot be redistributed, but processed data and code reproduce all results. (2) The dataset supports cross-period QCA comparison (P1/P2). (3) Cite the associated manuscript when using this data.
Institutions
- Fujian Jiangxia UniversityFujian, Fuzhou