Extraction Optimization for Vitex negundo and Cassia tora: A Quantitative Study
Description
This dataset presents a comparative analysis of solvent extraction yields from two medicinally significant plants: Vitex negundo and Cassia tora. Both species are widely recognized in ethnomedicine for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective properties. The study employed four solvents (methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, and distilled water) to evaluate extraction efficiency from 10 g samples of dried plant material. For Vitex negundo, methanol yielded the highest extract (1.684 g; 16.84%), followed by distilled water (1.264 g; 12.64%), chloroform (0.663 g; 6.63%), and petroleum ether (0.409 g; 4.09%). In contrast, Cassia tora demonstrated a markedly higher yield with petroleum ether (1.802 g; 18.02%), followed by solvent (2.283 g; 22.83%), methanol (0.975 g; 9.75%), and chloroform (0.645 g; 6.45%). The dataset highlights solvent-dependent variability in phytochemical extraction, underscoring the importance of polarity and solubility in determining yield. Methanol, a polar protic solvent, proved most effective for Vitex negundo, suggesting the predominance of polar phytoconstituents such as flavonoids and glycosides. Conversely, Cassia tora exhibited higher extraction with petroleum ether, indicating the presence of non-polar compounds such as fatty acids, sterols, and terpenoids. Biostatistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, correlation matrices, regression analysis, ANOVA, and t-test to assess solvent efficiency and inter-species variability. The findings reveal significant differences (p < 0.05) between solvent yields, with methanol and petroleum ether showing the strongest extraction potential across species. This dataset provides reproducible evidence for solvent selection in phytochemical research, offering insights into optimizing extraction protocols for medicinal plant studies. It is intended to support pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, and natural product research communities by providing structured, quantitative data for comparative analysis.
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Steps to reproduce
Sample Preparation: Collect fresh leaves of Vitex negundo and seeds of Cassia tora. Wash thoroughly, shade-dry for 7–10 days, and grind into fine powder. Weigh 10 g of each powdered sample for extraction. Solvent Extraction: Prepare four solvents: methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, and distilled water. Use Soxhlet extraction for methanol, chloroform, and petroleum ether. For distilled water, employ maceration at room temperature for 24 hours. Collect extracts, evaporate solvents under reduced pressure, and weigh dried residues. Yield Calculation: Yield (g) = Weight of dried extract. Yield (%) = (Extract weight / Sample weight) × 100. Data Recording: Record yields for each solvent and plant species. Tabulate values in grams and percentages. Biostatistical Analysis: Perform descriptive statistics (mean, SD, variance). Apply one-way ANOVA to test differences between solvents. Use correlation analysis to compare solvent efficiency across species. Graphical Representation: Plot bar graphs for yield comparison. Generate scatter plots for solvent efficiency correlation. Use box plots to visualize variability. Reproducibility Notes: Ensure consistent drying and grinding of plant material. Maintain identical extraction conditions (temperature, duration, solvent volume). Repeat experiments in triplicate for statistical reliability.
Institutions
- The Charutar Vidya Mandal (CVM) UniversityGujarat, Vallabh Vidyanagar