paper
Description
This research began in the winter of 2024, with the initial data revalidated and supplemented between July and October 2025. The residential community samples in Beijing were selected from 11 districts based on the following criteria: (1) The PMF is uniform across any given entire community, with no discrepancies among individual buildings. (2) The time span between the completions of different buildings within a single community does not exceed 3 years. (3) Data were cross-verified across multiple real estate websites, and observations with missing information on PMF or lift configuration were excluded. As a result, many older residential neighborhoods lack formal property management or PMF collection. This approach helps ensure homogeneity in the research samples and reduces potential data-collection errors. Finally, the researchers selected 263 residential community samples.