Eastern Poland border mobility & accommodation dataset (2021–2023)
Description
This dataset is a replication package supporting an empirical study of adaptive resilience in a borderland tourism system at the EU’s eastern frontier during the Russian–Ukrainian war. It links daily Polish–Ukrainian border-crossing flows (01 Jan 2022–28 Feb 2023) with monthly accommodation statistics at the county level for Lubelskie and Podkarpackie voivodeships (Eastern Poland) (2021–2022). Using the accommodation data, the package provides a synthetic accommodation-utilisation index (S) combining three components: (i) tourism intensity (Defert index), (ii) foreign-visitor tourism intensity (foreign-visitor Defert index), and (iii) average length of stay. To control for seasonality, the analysis focuses on year-on-year differences for identical months (ΔS = S(2022) – S(2021)) and then aggregates them to mobility stages identified from daily border flows (day-weighted aggregation for boundary months). Spatial coverage: Eastern Poland (counties in Lubelskie & Podkarpackie). Temporal coverage: accommodation 2021–2022 (monthly); border crossings 01 Jan 2022–28 Feb 2023 (daily). Unit of analysis: county–month (accommodation), day (border flows), and stage level (day-weighted aggregates). Key variables/outputs: Defert (D), foreign-visitor Defert (F), length of stay (L), component z-scores (ZD/ZF/ZL), synthetic index (S), year-on-year change (ΔS), and a Quasi-Residential Index (QRI) capturing the dominance of length-of-stay change relative to intensity components. Interpretive note: the “foreign-visitor” component (F) is used as a contextual proxy for cross-border, war-related demand, not as a mechanical attribution to a single nationality. In a small number of suppressed/confidentiality-affected cells, simplified handling is applied as described in the methods, which may attenuate changes for very small county markets. Files included (formatted as PDF-style appendices/tables) border_crossings.pdf — daily counts of border crossings in both directions (to Poland / to Ukraine), 01 Jan 2022–28 Feb 2023; basis for mobility-stage delineation. stages_components.pdf — mobility-stage definitions and stage-level aggregates of the synthetic index change and its components (day-weighted across boundary months). components_of_the_synthetic_index.pdf — monthly county-level components D/F/L, their standardised values (z-scores), and the synthetic index S and year-on-year differences (ΔS) used for spatial-temporal analysis. Intended use: replication of index construction and staging, spatial heterogeneity analysis (corridors vs peripheries), and comparative applications to other crisis-affected border regions.