DETERMINING AND OBTAINING THE PARAMETERS REQUIRED_2025
Description
The Authors (or the copyright holders), henceforth “Authors”, of the article entitled _ Calculation and obtaining of parameters to generate thermal cycles using PID control in a non-pressurized closed system for materials test, henceforth “this article”, sent for publishing consideration in Editorial Department Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, are in complete agreement with the following statements: The manuscript can be published because it presents a sequential approach to a control system based on the container and different temperature zones, using the most efficient actuator for each thermal zone. One of the objectives is to translate the conceptual idea of a thermal system into its construction, starting with a container and its structure. The sensors and actuators are commercially available, allowing the system to be modeled through the theoretical model, the mathematical model, and the approximation to the thermal model. The main idea here is to provide these mechanisms, from which the conceptual idea is obtained, in order to propose a system that can be scaled using sensors and actuators to generate this system. Using this method, lower wear on the actuators and lower energy consumption are achieved due to the stability of the control system.
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3.1. System construction This work presents a system composed of multiple sensors and actuators that allow the generation and control of temperature conditions inside a container. In order to evaluate whether the temperature ranges of the sensors comply with their data sheets before conducting an experiment, the objective is to obtain stable thermal cycles (temperature curves versus time). To determine their proportionality ratio, the system was made to collect data on actual conditions in enclosed spaces and then compare them with the results obtained in larger spaces [19]. The system's top cover [3.1] System components and containers [3.2] The collection of trinkets and system components on the upper cover is seen in Figure 3.1. Below is a description of the key elements and their typical application: • The Peltier cell and its corresponding heatsink, along with a fan to remove heat, make up the air conditioning system. • Recirculation fan: this device uses a solenoid valve to maintain a transitory condition from the inlet to the outlet or to create disturbances in the controller's study. • Current sensor: confirms each actuator's (Ra, Rb, and Rc) electrical power consumption. • Solenoid valve: The last actuator component to regulate the hot or cold air output or to establish either transient or steady state air conditions. Figure 3.2 depicts the collection of system components affixed to the plastic container: • Air container: a device that uses temperature control to evaluate air in enclosed spaces. • Dry air heater (Ra): depending on the application, this device raises the temperature of the air and adds kinetic energy, which causes the air particles on the bottom surface to rise and mix by pressure. The temperature range is between 28 °C and 400 °C. • Sensors: Additional sensors in the system close the control loop on the flow, heating, and cooling devices and validate variables. Dry temperature, cooling temperature, system temperature, external temperature, internal and exterior airflow from the environment, and atmospheric pressure both inside and outside the system are examples of these sensors [20]. • System cooler: Used to replicate conditions where the temperature can range from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius and to confirm the data sheet sensors' reactions at low temperatures. • Ambient air fan: used to monitor and homogenize the air inside the system, modify the state of the actuators Ra, Rb, and Rc inside the container, and introduce ambient air into the system. Experimental data for the heat source were measured in order to model the system, ensure that the energy consumption is low enough to reach thermodynamic equilibrium conditions, and confirm that the response times are consistent with the controller and the chosen electrical components. The known volume of the container shown in Figure 4 is 36.504 cm3 (0.036504 m3). Using the first law of thermodynamics, the equations of energy balance can be raised using this data [21].
Institutions
- Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche