Relationship between malocclusions, oral habits and treatments in paediatric patients in the field of interceptive orthodontics at the Dr. René Puig Bentz School of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña
Description
Dental malocclusions are considered a public health problem. On a worldwide scale, according to the WHO, malocclusions occupy the 3rd place in oral health problems. In Latin America, according to the Pan American Health Organization, the figures exceed 85% of incidence and prevalence in the population. It is estimated that between 20 and 30 million children in Latin America suffer from some type of dentomaxillofacial anomaly. The study was a descriptive observational, non-experimental, cross-sectional study. A study and synthesis of clinical records of patients who met the inclusion criteria between 2010 and 2024 was carried out. The presence of malocclusions (sagittal, vertical, transversal and dental crowding), deforming habits and treatments carried out were evaluated. The sample consisted of a total of 201 pediatric patients between 4 and 12 years of age. A database was created in Microsoft Office Excel spreadsheets, where all the information was stored. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 25 (SPSS) program was used for data processing and analysis. Chi-square tests were also applied. Of the 201 patients who participated in the study, 88 were male (43.78%) and 113 were female (56.21%). It was observed that class I was the predominant type of malocclusion in the sagittal direction with 110 (54.73%) of the patients, class II in 51 (25.37%) of patients and class III bite in 22 (10.95%). In the transversal direction, posterior crossbite was the predominant type with 23 patients (11.44%) and the least observed type was scissor bite with 1 (0.5%) patient. Vertically, anterior open bite was the predominant type with 73 (36.32%) patients and the least observed type was anterior and posterior open bite with 1 (0.5%) patient. The predominant type of crowding was mild with 66 (32.84%) patients and the least observed type was severe with 10 (4.98%) patients. The main deforming habit was digital suction with 97 (48.26%) patients. It was observed that the majority treatment was the placement of the Habit Inhibitor with 112 (55.72%) patients. According to the results compiled, the hypothesis of this research is accepted, which refers that the vertical malocclusion that is present in most of the patients seen in the Dr. René Puig Bentz Dental Clinic is anterior open bite and the most frequent treatment is the habit inhibitor.
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Steps to reproduce
First of all, the type of study to be carried out must be chosen according to the scope, the intervention of the researcher on the phenomena and according to the origin of the data over time. This study was descriptive observational, non-experimental and cross-sectional respectively. Then the location and time should be delimited. In this case it was in the area of interceptive orthodontics of the Dr. René Puig Bentz dental clinic, belonging to the dental school of the Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, during the four-month periods January-April/May-August 2024. The universe and the sample were selected by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The universe was made up of patients between 4 and 12 years of age who visited the interceptive orthodontic area and the sample was a total of 201 patients. For the data collection technique and procedure, a data collection form was elaborated in the form of a questionnaire for the collection of the data found in the clinical histories. The data collection form consisted of: the personal data of the patients (name, sex and age), dental malocclusions according to Angle in the sagittal, transversal and vertical directions together with dental crowding. Oral habits in pediatric patients and the main treatments or appliances placed in the area of interceptive orthodontics. Before collecting the data, an operator calibration and pilot test should be performed, which are based on a solid and controlled design that seeks to test on a smaller scale logistical aspects of the execution of the study, in order to avoid making mistakes in subsequent and larger studies. In this case, data collection was carried out in the area of interceptive orthodontics of the Dr. René Puig Bentz dentistry clinic of the School of Dentistry of the Pedro Henríquez Ureña National University in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, during the four-month periods January - April / May - August 2024 on Mondays (full day) and Fridays (afternoon and evening). All the records present in the area of interceptive orthodontics of pediatric patients who met the selection criteria were selected. After the data collection, a database was created in Microsoft Excel software, from Microsoft office, where all the data were stored. Subsequently, a coding system was created for each of the variables observed. Then, frequency tables were elaborated in which the statistical data were arranged in tabular form, assigning to each data its corresponding frequency in order to indicate the results. The results were expressed as absolute frequency and percentage measures. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 25 (SPSS) program was used for data processing and analysis. Chi-square tests were also used to determine the association between the different variables. Finally, the statistical analysis of the results was carried out, together with the discussion and conclusions.
Institutions
- Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Urena