Adsorption_Researchdata
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The adsorption experiments were carried out by adding a known amount of activated mango leaf biochar to 15 mL of Acid Fuchsin dye solutions of desired concentration in 15 mL glass bottles. The bottles were sealed and placed in an orbital shaker operating at 150 rpm to ensure uniform mixing and sufficient contact between the adsorbent and dye molecules. The effects of various operational parameters such as solution pH (2–10), contact time (0–180 min), adsorbent dosage, and initial dye concentration were systematically investigated. The initial pH of the dye solution was adjusted using dilute HCl or NaOH solutions prior to the addition of the adsorbent. For kinetic studies, samples were withdrawn at predetermined time intervals, while for isotherm studies, different initial dye concentrations were prepared from the stock solution. After completion of the adsorption process, the suspension was filtered (or centrifuged) to separate the adsorbent from the solution. The concentration of Acid Fuchsin in solution before and after adsorption was determined using a UV–Visible spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 565.5 nm. The adsorption capacity and percentage removal were calculated based on the difference between initial and final dye concentrations.