Utilization of Ethiopian Kaolinite Clay for De-Fluoridation of Ground Water
Description
Kaolinite clay adsorbent predictable to absorbs fluorine ion from ground water. Since clay materials have remarkable thermal stability, high surface area for adsorption. In addition, clay materials have contained both positive and negative charges. In particular kaolinite clay contains abundant silicate and aluminum at entire surface of the adsorbent. As result kaolinite adsorbent will have a potential of ion exchange capacity to absorb fluorine. The effect of operational parameters such as, effect of temperature, pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and size of particle as well as adsorption isotherm modeling on both raw and activated kaolinite clay were investigated. Fluoride removal on to activated kaolinite clay has obtained as highly removal efficiency at initial fluoride concentration of 20mg/L, pH of 6, contact time of 60 min, temperature of 50oC, adsorbent dosage of 1g/100mL and particle size of less than 0.075µm.
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Natural kaolinite clay was collected from local area Debretabor town specifically Gasay in Amhara region, Ethiopia. Sybthesitic solution was prepard from sodium fluoride stock solution. All laboratory grade reagents, Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), distill water; Liquid nitrogen and Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) were used without any purification. Natural Kaolinite clay was washed with distilled water and then dried at1050C for 2hrs.for the removal of unwanted particles. After effective drying, it was crushed by using jaw crusher and then sieved through <0.075, 0.075-0.15, and 0.15-0.3 mm sieve sizes. The powder of clay was calcined at 8000C using Muffle Furnace (Nabertherm B180) each particle size for 2 hours and cooled from oven for 1hr. further, the calcinations sample was activated by 2M of H2SO4 for 12hr in order to remove the impurities and make them activate. Then the sample was washed with distilled water in order to remove acid and made it neutralize. Samples were dried at 1050C for 12 hours in the oven. Finally, samples were kept in dissipater for further analysis. The absorbance value of a solution was measured after adsorption experiment for each run. The percentage removal absorption of fluorine was calculated and the equilibrium sate concentration of adsorbate in the solid phase (qe, mg/g) were determined. The fluoride absorbance was measured by UV/VIS spectrometer (Lamda 35 Ferkin Elmer) at a maximum wave length (540 nm. Instrumental analysis was conducted to characterize the kaolinite clay adsorbent. Such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X- Ray diffraction (XRD), and surface area by Brunauer-Emmett Teller (BET) analysis were used.
Institutions
- Bahir Dar University Institute of Technology