Biomed_SPC: Measuring SMR during Active and Resistive Movement
Description
Measuring Sensorimotor Rhythms (SMR) modulation during overt movement promotes rehabilitation protocols where level of resistance to movement is adaptively modulated relying on neural activity. This dataset contains multimodal recordings (EEG, EMG, and IMU) acquired from 9 subjects (S01–S09) during the execution of two class of movement: elbow flexion and extension. 16 experimental runs were recorded, under active (A) and resistive (R) movement conditions, with and without the “Sensorimotor Rhythm” (SMR) modulation. The R movement condition was simulated using a dumbbell of 1.4 kg. Each subject has three sets of data: EEG: electroencephalographic activity EMG: electromyographic activity IMU: inertial movement unit The information for the use of the data is detailed explained in the README.txt file and data_dictionary.xlsx
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Data Acquisition Summary Each participant completed four types of experimental runs: Active (A), Resistive (R), Active with voluntary SMR modulation (AM), and Resistive with voluntary SMR modulation (RM). Trial Structure Each trial followed a fixed temporal sequence: Fixation cross (2 s) – participants were instructed to maintain steady eye position. Cue presentation (3 s) – the cue indicated which movement to perform, and participants executed the corresponding overt motor task. Inter-trial pause (1–2 s) – a random short pause was included to prevent automatic movement initiation across consecutive trials. At the end of the session, participants completed the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) questionnaire to assess perceived mental and physical workload for each condition. EEG Acquisition Equipment: actiCAP system (Brain Products GmbH, Germany) Electrodes: 28 EEG electrodes positioned according to the 10–10 international system (F3, Fz, F4, FC3, FC1, FCz, FC2, FC4, C3, C1, Cz, C2, C4, CP3, CP1, CPz, CP2, CP4, P3, Pz, P4, PO3, PO4, O1, Oz, O2) EOG channels: 4 electrodes to record electrooculographic activity Reference: left earlobe Ground: right earlobe Sampling rate: 250 Hz Amplifier: LiveAmp system (Brain Products GmbH) EMG Acquisition Equipment: HD-sEMG system (sessantaquattro+, OT Bioelettronica, Italy) Sampling rate: 2000 Hz Reference electrode: left scapula Preparation: skin cleaned with ethyl alcohol and dermabrasive gel Electrode matrix: 32 electrodes (1 mm diameter), arranged in an 8 × 4 grid with 1 cm inter-electrode distance Placement: right Biceps brachii, along the line from the medial acromion to the cubital fossa (1/3 of the distance from the cubital fossa) IMU Acquisition Device: WIT Motion IMU Sampling rate: 100 Hz Placement: right wrist Purpose: recording arm kinematics (acceleration and angular motion) during active and resistive tasks