Toward a Universal Nursing Curriculum: A Systematic Review of Policy Frameworks Across ASEAN and the EU Author
Description
Toward a Universal Nursing Curriculum: A Systematic Review of Policy Frameworks Across ASEAN and the EU Author Fernan N. Torreno Affiliation: St. Paul University Manila, Philippines Email: fernantorreno2@gmail.com ORCID: 0009-0006-3884-0840 Corresponding Author Famiela N. Torreno Affiliation: Unibersidad De Dagupan, Philippines Email: torrenofamiela@gmail.com ORCID: 0009-0003-3808-3286 Abstract Background: Diverse nursing education models, competency frameworks, and regulatory systems across ASEAN and the EU limit professional mobility, mutual recognition, and health workforce integration. A universal curriculum—grounded in shared core competencies—could support harmonization, quality, and cross-border mobility. Objective: To synthesize policy frameworks, competency standards, and curricular models across ASEAN and the EU; identify gaps, convergence, and barriers; and propose actionable recommendations for a universal nursing curriculum. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature and official policy documents, mapping national curricula, regulatory requirements, and competency frameworks. We compared ASEAN country standards and EU-wide mandates (e.g., Directive 2005/36/EC on professional qualifications) ² and analyzed findings through thematic synthesis and benchmarking. Results: Significant heterogeneity exists in entry-level qualifications (diploma vs bachelor), clinical hours required, competency domains emphasized (clinical care, leadership, research, informatics), assessment modalities, and accreditation practices. Some convergence is seen in ASEAN’s Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) on Nursing Services¹. In the EU, the directive mandates certain minimum training hours and facilitates mobility². Cross-cutting issues include fragmented regulatory oversight, resource constraints, language/literacy barriers, and inconsistent standards. Policy Implications: A universal curriculum should include a common core module set, modular electives for local adaptation, shared assessment tools, and regulatory alignment (CHED, PRC, ASEAN MRA, EU authorities). Implementation demands phased rollout, capacity-building, policy harmonization, and bilateral support mechanisms. Conclusion: The path toward a universal nursing curriculum is complex but feasible. Strategic alignment across ASEAN and the EU, supported by institutional commitment and policy coordination, can improve nurse mobility, education quality, and regional health workforce resilience. Keywords: nursing curriculum; competency harmonization; ASEAN; EU directive; mutual recognition; regulatory alignment